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<meta name="description" content="导言APRS网络中的设备在通过无线电发送APRS信标后，只有附近的设备才能接受到内容。而如果要接入到全球的APRS-IS网络，分享自己的实时位置。则需要附近部署APRS iGate，通俗地讲就是一个APRS的数据网关，负责接收、解码、上传附近无线电波中的APRS数据包。 而APRS常用的频率144.640MHz属于VHF段，受到建筑物遮挡的影响非常大，看似近在咫尺的网关却因为一栋大楼的遮挡无法收到">
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<meta property="og:description" content="导言APRS网络中的设备在通过无线电发送APRS信标后，只有附近的设备才能接受到内容。而如果要接入到全球的APRS-IS网络，分享自己的实时位置。则需要附近部署APRS iGate，通俗地讲就是一个APRS的数据网关，负责接收、解码、上传附近无线电波中的APRS数据包。 而APRS常用的频率144.640MHz属于VHF段，受到建筑物遮挡的影响非常大，看似近在咫尺的网关却因为一栋大楼的遮挡无法收到">
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<h1 class="kratos-entry-title text-center" itemprop="name headline">利用Linux小主机和SDR搭建APRS iGate</h1>
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<li><time datetime="2024-11-25T06:36:43.000Z" itemprop="datePublished"><i class="fa fa-calendar"></i> 2024-11-25</time></li>
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<i class="fa fa-user"></i> 作者 <span itemprop="name">Bigsk</span>
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~4.26K
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<div class="text"><p>本文最后编辑于 <time datetime="1732521886430"></time> 前，其中的内容可能需要更新。</p></div>
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<hr />
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<div itemprop="articleBody"><h2 id="导言"><a href="#导言" class="headerlink" title="导言"></a>导言</h2><p>APRS网络中的设备在通过无线电发送APRS信标后，只有附近的设备才能接受到内容。<br>而如果要接入到全球的APRS-IS网络，分享自己的实时位置。<br>则需要附近部署APRS iGate，通俗地讲就是一个APRS的数据网关，负责接收、解码、上传附近无线电波中的APRS数据包。</p>
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<p>而APRS常用的频率144.640MHz属于VHF段，受到建筑物遮挡的影响非常大，看似近在咫尺的网关却因为一栋大楼的遮挡无法收到你的信标。<br>所以我们要积极部署更多的iGate，才能在城市中达到更好的效果。<br>而正常的iGate设备价格常常不菲，故想到利用便宜的SDR+大量洋垃圾Linux小主机来搭建自己的iGate。</p>
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<h2 id="正文"><a href="#正文" class="headerlink" title="正文"></a>正文</h2><h3 id="准备措施"><a href="#准备措施" class="headerlink" title="准备措施"></a>准备措施</h3><h4 id="一、准备硬件"><a href="#一、准备硬件" class="headerlink" title="一、准备硬件"></a>一、准备硬件</h4><p>博主测试了以下两种方案：</p>
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<ol>
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<li>玩客云Onecloud（30元）+ RTL2832u/FC0012 SDR（60元）</li>
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<li>树莓派1B（60元）+ RTL2832u/FC0012 SDR（60元）</li>
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</ol>
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<p>此处更推荐使用玩客云，成本更低，运行稳定，性能更高，缺点是需要一定的动手能力来刷写系统。<br>因树莓派刷写系统过于简单，本文不做介绍，只对Onecloud的刷写系统步骤做教程。</p>
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<p>其中SDR目前有以下几种架构方案：</p>
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<table>
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<thead>
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<tr>
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<th>调谐芯片厂家型号</th>
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<th>频率范围</th>
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<th>备注</th>
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</tr>
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</thead>
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<tbody><tr>
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<td>Elonic E4000</td>
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<td>52-2200MHz</td>
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<td>已停产</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td>Rafael Micro R820T2</td>
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<td>24-1766MHz</td>
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<td>已停产，常见为蓝色电视棒</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td>Refeal Micro R828D</td>
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<td>24-1766MHz</td>
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<td>与R820T2同构，常见为RTL-SDR Blog V4</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td>Refeal Micro R860</td>
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<td>24-1766MHz</td>
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<td>与R828D同构</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td>Fitipower FC0013</td>
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<td>22-1100MHz</td>
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<td></td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td>Fitipower FC0012</td>
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<td>22-948.6MHz</td>
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<td>便宜，常见为黑色电视棒<br/>很多奸商当820T2卖</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td>FlipChip International FC 2580</td>
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<td>146-308MHz</td>
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<td></td>
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</tr>
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</tbody></table>
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<p>对于搭建APRS iGate，推荐购买Fitipower FC0012调谐器的SDR，成本会更低廉。<br>如要购买其他方案，请注意留意对应的频率范围，必须包含当地的APRS频率到工作频率范围内。</p>
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<p>天线可以自信选购，注意对应波段的增益性能，增益越高效果越好。<br>比较廉价的固定天线方案是吸盘+HH-509F车载玻璃钢，顶配配置Diamond X510。<br>而使用手台天线，可以考虑RH770拉杆天线，V段增益也来到了3dBi，相当不错。<br>注意，大部分SDR使用的天线接口为MCX（例如电视棒），可能需要购买MCX-SMA或MCX-UHF的转接头/转接馈线。</p>
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<h4 id="二、安装系统"><a href="#二、安装系统" class="headerlink" title="二、安装系统"></a>二、安装系统</h4><p>准备一把镊子，一条USB公对公或TypeC对TypeA的数据线（前提是你的电脑有C口，没错，C口接电脑）</p>
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<p>下载好以下文件资料：</p>
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<ol>
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<li>Armbian镜像 <a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://github.com/muzihuaner/armbian-onecloud/releases">GitHub下载</a></li>
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<li>Amlogic USB Burning Tool <a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://androidmtk.com/download-amlogic-usb-burning-tool">下载</a></li>
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</ol>
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<p>打开刷写工具，选择下载好的Armbian镜像，我这里下载的镜像是：Armbian-unofficial_24.5.0-trunk_Onecloud_jammy_current_6.6.21_minimal.burn。<br>给玩客云断电，拆开外壳，将USB一头连接到电脑，一头连接到远离网口的USB口，利用镊子短接对应的触电，插电开机。<br>直到听到电脑响起有设备接入的提示音后放开镊子，点击软件的开始刷写，然后等待完成，断开USB线，断电重启即可。</p>
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<p>短接要求：</p>
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<p>V1.1：<br><img src="https://2-cdn.ianxia.com/attachments/2024/11/25/v1.1.jpg" alt="V1.1"></p>
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<p>V1.3:<br><img src="https://2-cdn.ianxia.com/attachments/2024/11/25/v1.3.jpg" alt="V1.3"></p>
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<h4 id="三、安装软件"><a href="#三、安装软件" class="headerlink" title="三、安装软件"></a>三、安装软件</h4><p>SSH链接主机，请使用ROOT用户进行以下的操作。</p>
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<ol>
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<li>安装基础环境：</li>
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</ol>
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<figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"># 更新软件包</span><br><span class="line">apt update</span><br><span class="line"># 安装软件</span><br><span class="line">apt install git build-essential cmake automake libasound2-dev libudev-dev alsa-utils -y</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
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<ol start="2">
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<li>安装RTL-SDR软件：</li>
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</ol>
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<figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">apt install libusb-1.0-0-dev rtl-sdr -y</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
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<ol start="3">
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<li>拉取Direwolf软件源代码并编译</li>
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</ol>
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<figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">cd ~</span><br><span class="line"># 从GitHub拉取代码</span><br><span class="line">git clone https://www.github.com/wb2osz/direwolf</span><br><span class="line"># 如果连不上GitHub，可以从我的镜像拉取</span><br><span class="line">#git clone https://git.ghink.net/Mirrors/direwolf</span><br><span class="line">cd direwolf</span><br><span class="line">mkdir build</span><br><span class="line">cd build</span><br><span class="line">cmake -DUNITTEST=1 ..</span><br><span class="line">make -j4</span><br><span class="line">make test</span><br><span class="line">make install</span><br><span class="line">make install-conf</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
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|
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<p>请静待编译完成，玩客云大概需要20分钟，树莓派1B大概在1个小时左右</p>
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<ol start="4">
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<li>创建配置文件</li>
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</ol>
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<p><code>nano /root/direwolf.conf</code></p>
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<p>输入以下内容：</p>
|
||
<figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"># 输入设备：监听UDP的7355端口，这样比较省资源且不会出现报错情况。</span><br><span class="line"># 输出设备：因为APRS网关只接收信标，不发射，所以没有输出设备，null即是空。</span><br><span class="line">ADEVICE udp:7355 null</span><br><span class="line"># 呼号及SSID，10代表互联网网关设备。</span><br><span class="line">MYCALL BD8CMN-10</span><br><span class="line"># APRS-IS服务器使用APRS.ICU提供的国内节点，可以自己改成别的</span><br><span class="line">IGSERVER china.aprs.icu</span><br><span class="line"># APRS-IS认证呼号-SSID及Passcode，可去tools.ianxia.com生成。</span><br><span class="line">IGLOGIN BD8CMN-10 XXXXX</span><br><span class="line"># 网关自身信标，让其他人知道你的APRS iGate处于工作状态。</span><br><span class="line"># every为自身信标上报间隔时间，lat和long为经纬度，comment为说明信息。</span><br><span class="line">PBEACON sendto=IG delay=1 every=1 symbol=/r lat=30.61999N long=120.57413E freq="" comment="Tongxiang APRS iGate 144.390MHz"</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
|
||
|
||
<p>Ctrl+O回保存，Ctrl+X退出</p>
|
||
<ol start="5">
|
||
<li>SDR频偏ppm值测量</li>
|
||
</ol>
|
||
<p><code>rtl_test -p</code></p>
|
||
<p>执行命令后等待10分钟以上，等晶振工作温度稳定时，输出的“cumulative PPM”值会趋于恒定，此时就可得出SDR的频偏值。</p>
|
||
<ol start="6">
|
||
<li>测试运行</li>
|
||
</ol>
|
||
<p>将SDR插入小主机并运行如下命令：</p>
|
||
<p><code>rtl_fm -f 144.390M -p 25 - | direwolf -c /root/direwolf.conf -r 24000 -D 1 -</code></p>
|
||
<p>命令原理就是：rtl_fm监听144.640MHz频点（25是以上测得的频偏ppm值，根据实际填写）,<br>并将收到的信号用管道符传递给Direwolf，Direwolf通过配置文件direwolf.conf中的规则将解码后的信标内容上传至APRS-IS服务器。<br>确认无报错后按Ctrl+C结束命令运行。</p>
|
||
<ol start="7">
|
||
<li>创建黑名单文件</li>
|
||
</ol>
|
||
<p><code>nano /etc/modprobe.d/rtlsdr.conf</code></p>
|
||
<p>写入下列信息：</p>
|
||
<p><code>blacklist dvb_usb_rtl28xxu</code></p>
|
||
<p>Ctrl+O回保存，Ctrl+X退出</p>
|
||
<ol start="8">
|
||
<li>创建开机启动</li>
|
||
</ol>
|
||
<p>部分新的Linux系统没有rc.local文件了，不用管，先用编辑器尝试修改：</p>
|
||
<p><code>nano /etc/rc.local</code></p>
|
||
<p>如果显示是创建新文件，说明是新版本Linux，先不用管，写入以下信息：</p>
|
||
<figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">#!/bin/sh -e</span><br><span class="line">#</span><br><span class="line"># rc.local</span><br><span class="line">#</span><br><span class="line"># This script is executed at the end of each multiuser runlevel.</span><br><span class="line"># Make sure that the script will "exit 0" on success or any other</span><br><span class="line"># value on error.</span><br><span class="line">#</span><br><span class="line"># In order to enable or disable this script just change the execution</span><br><span class="line"># bits.</span><br><span class="line">#</span><br><span class="line"># By default this script does nothing.</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">rtl_fm -f 144.390M -p 25 - | direwolf -c /root/direwolf.conf -r 24000 -D 1 -&</span><br><span class="line">exit 0</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
|
||
|
||
<p>如果文件已经存在内容，只写入以下内容：</p>
|
||
<figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">rtl_fm -f 144.390M -p 25 - | direwolf -c /root/direwolf.conf -r 24000 -D 1 -&</span><br><span class="line">exit 0</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
|
||
|
||
<p>注意，启动命令中的参数请自行修改成上述测试命令中的自己的参数。</p>
|
||
<p>Ctrl+O回保存，Ctrl+X退出</p>
|
||
<p>为其赋予运行权限：</p>
|
||
<p><code>chmod +x /etc/rc.local</code></p>
|
||
<p>如果上述文件是新创建的，请接着看，否则重启你的设备，网关就已经搭建好了。</p>
|
||
<p>接下来我们创建系统服务：</p>
|
||
<p><code>vim /etc/systemd/system/rc-local.service</code></p>
|
||
<p>写入以下内容：</p>
|
||
<figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">[Unit]</span><br><span class="line"> Description=/etc/rc.local Compatibility</span><br><span class="line"> ConditionPathExists=/etc/rc.local</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">[Service]</span><br><span class="line"> Type=forking</span><br><span class="line"> ExecStart=/etc/rc.local start</span><br><span class="line"> TimeoutSec=0</span><br><span class="line"> StandardOutput=tty</span><br><span class="line"> RemainAfterExit=yes</span><br><span class="line"> SysVStartPriority=99</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">[Install]</span><br><span class="line"> WantedBy=multi-user.target</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
|
||
|
||
<p>按ESC，:wq回车保存退出</p>
|
||
<p>激活服务：</p>
|
||
<p><code>systemctl enable rc-local.service</code></p>
|
||
<p>启动服务：</p>
|
||
<p><code>systemctl start rc-local.service</code></p>
|
||
<p>大功告成！可以用以下命令查看运行输出：</p>
|
||
<p><code>systemctl status rc-local.service</code></p>
|
||
<p>END</p>
|
||
<h3 id="可以在追踪网站上搜索-BD8CMN-10-查看博主方案效果"><a href="#可以在追踪网站上搜索-BD8CMN-10-查看博主方案效果" class="headerlink" title="可以在追踪网站上搜索 BD8CMN-10 查看博主方案效果"></a>可以在追踪网站上搜索 BD8CMN-10 查看博主方案效果</h3></div>
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<div class="row">
|
||
<div class="col-md-6 col-md-offset-3 footer-list text-center">
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<ul class="kratos-social-icons">
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<!-- Keep for compatibility -->
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|
||
<!-- New links -->
|
||
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||
</ul>
|
||
<ul class="kratos-copyright">
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<div>
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<li>© 2024 Bigsk 版权所有.</li><br>
|
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<li>本站已运行<span id="span_dt">Loading...</span></li><br>
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<li>本站支持 IPv6 访问</li><br>
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<div>
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</div>
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<div>
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</div>
|
||
-->
|
||
<div><br><br></div>
|
||
</ul>
|
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</div>
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</div>
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</div>
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<div class="kr-tool text-center">
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<div class="tool">
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<div class="box search-box">
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<a href="/search/">
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<span class="fa fa-search"></span>
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</a>
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</div>
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<div class="box theme-box" id="darkmode-switch">
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<span class="fa fa-adjust"></span>
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</div>
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<div class="box gotop-box">
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<span class="fa fa-chevron-up"></span>
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</footer>
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</div>
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<script defer src="/vendors/bootstrap@3.3.4/dist/js/bootstrap.min.js"></script>
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